Dentinogenesis imperfecta: The Genetic Causes and Outcomes

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is a genetic disorder characterized by dentin discoloration, tooth development irregularities, and decreased tooth strength. This autosomal dominant disorder is identified in individuals of all ages. There are three classifications of dentinogenesis imperfecta, each with varying presentations and causes. This report covers normal tooth development (odontogenesis), DI development, DI classifications, and the genes involved in this genetic disorder

Indigenous Knowledge Within Academia: Exploring the Tensions That Exist Between Indigenous, Decolonizing, and Nêhiyawak Methodologies

Over the last few decades the rewriting of Indigenous knowledge and history has been discussed, debated, and rewritten through the fields of Anthropology, History, and First Nation Studies, to name a few. One of the main tensions that exists in this reclamation process is the differences between Indigenous and Western methodological approaches. However, it has yet to be put forward as to what are the tensions that exist within Indigenous methodologies and their practice. This paper will bring forward three methodological approaches utilized within research for and by Indigenous peoples, as we examine how Indigenous, Decolonizing, and Nêhiyawak methodologies challenge and support one another, and how in order to conduct research, specific views must be taken into account to give a better understanding of the philosophical and spiritual foundations in which the research is situated. Specifically, the article will assess what are Indigenous, Decolonizing, and Nêhiyawak methodologies and why there is a need to incorporate specific methodological approaches dependent on the research in question. Yet, in order to understand the importance and relevance of these differing approaches to find knowledge, we must first discuss how early research and ethics impacted what we know about Indigenous peoples and their way of life. I focus on Nêhiyawak methodologies in particular as a member of the Nêhiyaw Nation in the territory of Maskwacîs

An Integrative Review of School-Based Interventions for Addressing Childhood Obesity

An Integrative Review of School-Based Interventions for Addressing Childhood Obesity Introduction: According to Statistics Canada (2016), 1 in 7 children in Canada suffer from obesity. The terms “obesity” and “overweight” are described as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that is harmful to one\u27s health. Children suffering from obesity have reported a higher incidence of psychosocial distress in comparison to children of healthy weight. Methods: Due to these alarming rates in the surge of childhood obesity, an intervention needs to be addressed and implemented. There have been multiple studies and systematic reviews on the topic, although little has been done to implement successful strategies. We conducted an integrative review of both quantitative and qualitative studies to better understand what has previously been known on this topic and what the next steps are to combat childhood obesity. Whittemore and Knafl’s strategies were utilized to create our integrative review to ensure rigour by utilizing their framework (Whittemore & Knafl, 2005). Results: Our initial analysis indicates that implementing health promotion strategies such as increased physical activity, healthy eating in the classroom by using a teach the teacher method and actively involving parents in the intervention group will likely result in long term compliance in reduction of BMI. Thus decreasing mental health illnesses correlated with elevated BMI in youth. Conclusions: This review will be used to educate about the prevalence of childhood obesity and the importance of the implementation of health promotion strategies. Key words: childhood obesity, education, nutrition, chronic disease, preventio

Exercise and Quality of Life Outcomes in a Patient with Stage 4 COPD

A 56-year-old female diagnosed with end stage COPD was referred to a rural based cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation program. Medical history and initial baseline physical assessments were measured including resting vitals, height, weight, 6-minute walk test, and the HSQ-SF36® quality of life questionnaire. She was given a basic orientation to exercise equipment including Nu-Step® and five different band and dumbbell resistance exercises prescribed at 2 sets of 12 (RPE rating = 12 to 14). An exercise prescription for the exercise program three days per week was developed for approximately one hour at 2 to 3 METs with intermittent exercise on the Nu-Step® at a 4:1 ratio at 90% of estimated max level. After the initial assessment (August, 2014), she attended once, was absent for a 3 month period, then returned and was compliant with 8 sessions. She discontinued sessions at that point and was absent for two months. She came back for a third time on Feb. 2nd, 2015 after being hospitalized for 2 weeks secondary to pneumonia and bronchitis condition. She now uses two oxygen (2 liters) and assistive breathing techniques. Her exercise prescription was lowered to the initial prescription after all assessments were re-measured. As of Feb 2, she has attended 100 percent of the exercise sessions without incident or hospital re-admittance. Physical outcomes are contained in the table below. Quality of life measures will continue to be evaluated. August 2014 February 2015 Height (in): 62 62 Weight (lbs): 117 115 Blood Pressure (mmHg): 140/58 132/62 Heart Rate (bpm): 94 107 ECG: NSR NSR SaO2 (%): 95 (w/o O2) \u3c 88 (w/o O2); 96 (w/ O2) 6 minute walk distance (m): 218 25

Sport Chaplains and Social Workers: A Theoretical Understanding of a Necessary Component of an Interprofessional Collaborative Practice in Sport in the United States

Holistic care of athletes is a growing area of research and practice. Yet, there is still much to consider as attention to this matter continues to expand. Specifically, what are the different theoretical perspectives of each profession working together towards the holistic care of athletes? The theoretical understanding between professions is essential for effective interprofessional teams—what some scholars have termed interprofessional cultural competence. The purpose of this paper is thus to provide the theoretical underpinnings for collaboration between sport chaplains and social workers, both emerging professions within interprofessional care in sport. This paper presents the unique partnership of sport chaplains and social workers in the spiritual care of athletes. Furthermore, it seeks to clarify the theoretical foundations of each profession, and how then these professions can then work together most effectively. Suggestions and ethical considerations are also given for best practices in the execution of this collaboration

Pulmonic stenosis in dogs: Balloon dilation improves clinical outcome

This is the final version. Available on open access from Wiley via the DOI in this recordMedical records of 81 dogs with severe pulmonic stenosis from 2 referral centers were examined retrospectively. Forty dogs underwent balloon valvuloplasty (BV), which was performed by 1 operator, whereas 41 did not. The mean age at latest follow-up was 41.5 months. A statistical comparison of the clinical outcome and survival was performed. Dogs revealing clinical signs at presentation showed a 16-fold increase in risk of death compared with asymptomatic dogs (P < .001). Statistical analyses demonstrated that an increase of 1 mm Hg in transstenotic pressure gradient (PG) at presentation was associated with a 3% increase in hazard rate (P < .001). Thirty-seven dogs survived BV with a median reduction in PG of 46%. The median preoperative PG was 120 mm Hg, and median PG 24 hours postoperatively was 55 mm Hg with a median of 55 mm Hg 6 months post-BV. Twenty (49%) of the non-BV (NBV) dogs remained asymptomatic at last follow-up. Fourteen (34%) of the NBV dogs died or were euthanized because of heart disease related to pulmonic stenosis. Twelve of these dogs died suddenly, whereas only 1 of the BV dogs died suddenly. After adjusting for PG, clinical signs at presentation, and age, BV or dilation was associated with a 53% reduction in hazard rate (P = .005). This study indicates that BV, when performed by an experienced operator, appears to be successful both in alleviating clinical signs and in prolonging survival in dogs with severe pulmonic stenosis

Stability and superconductivity of lanthanum and yttrium decahydrides

Rare-earth hydrides can exhibit high-temperature superconductivity under high pressure. Here, we apply a crystal structure prediction method to the current record-holding $T_c$ material, LaH$_{10}$, and a candidate for even higher $T_c$, YH$_{10}$. We find a pressure-induced phase transition from the experimentally observed cubic LaH$_{10}$ phase to a new hexagonal phase at around 420 GPa. This hexagonal phase could explain experimental observations of hcp impurities in fcc samples. We find that YH$_{10}$ forms similar structures to LaH$_{10}$ and discuss the sensitivity of superconductivity calculations to the computational parameters used

Advanced Practice Providers Recognized as Valuable Healthcare Resources: Increasing the Illinois PA’s Scope of Practice to Match Their NP Cohort

Abstract: Nurse practitioners (NPs) and physician assistants (PAs) represent a group of non-physician, advanced-practice providers (APPs) within our healthcare system. Non-physician providers are part of an inter-disciplinary team, working alongside physicians and a variety of allied healthcare providers. The purpose of this paper is to take a closer look at these two professions (NP and PA), with a focus on Illinois providers and the legislative strategies that guide their roles and abilities to practice. Illinois is a region where APP practices are inequitably regulated. Their Nurse Practice Act outlines a broad scope of practice for Advanced Practice Registered Nurses (APRNs). However, the Illinois PA Practice Act barely addresses the PA’s scope of practice, and also delineates certain restrictions, which limit practice in ways not paralleled for the NP. The goal of this paper was to construct an objective comparison between these two APP groups, in order to dispel the misconceptions that have led to these disparate Practice Acts. Specifically, the Master of Science in Nursing - Family Nurse Practitioner (MSN-FNP) training was compared to the Master of Science in Physician Assistant Studies (MSPA or MPAS) degree. Using these criteria, fifteen MSN-FNP programs were compared to nine MSPA programs among Illinois universities. Results revealed that NP and PA programs have similar educational objectives, all with demanding medical curricula, guided by strict accreditation standards. The data further revealed that Illinois PA educational training requires completion of more clinical practicum hours than does NP training: 704 (mean) hours for FNP students; compared to 2,108 (mean) hours for PA students. Furthermore, PA program accreditation requires that students complete practicum hours within seven medical fields, as well as elder care in long-term residential facilities, plus procedural skills training and proof of procedural skills competencies. Most NP programs are online and encourage concurrent nursing employment, thus supporting a part-time course load. NP programs are therefore designed to allow a flexible timeline for completion, some permitting five to six years. In comparison, all PA programs are full-time, in-person curricula, and discourage concurrent employment due to extensive course hours, and stringent requirements for advancement. The bottom line here is, NP and PA programs both have sound delivery methods and rigorous requirements, but longer chronological length should not be misinterpreted as greater in substance. Conclusion: This paper evaluated the highly advanced training programs of NPs and PAs in Illinois and found no data to support the differences in the Illinois Practice Acts governing these two groups. Despite the rigorous, highly advanced, and closely monitored training protocols of PA education, legislative bodies in Illinois do not fully recognize the PA provider’s significant potential. It is therefore, fair and reasonable to request these limitations be re-evaluated, in order to allow Illinois PAs to practice to the full potential of their professional training. In Illinois, NPs have achieved full provider status. Equal designation should be delegated to Illinois PAs